EPA / DHA

There has been a dramatic surge in interest recently in the health benefits of omega-3 fatty acids derived from fish and fish oils - consisting of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA).

What is DHA?
DHA is required in high levels in the brain and retina as a physiologically-essential nutrient to provide for optimal neuronal functioning (learning ability, mental development) and visual acuity, in young and old alike. DHA and EPA are both considered to have beneficial effects in the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease plus associated risk factors as well as other chronic disorders.

Where can I find these magic acids?
Whereas considerable amounts of the plant-derived omega-3 fatty acid known as a-linolenic acid (ALA) is usually consumed daily by the average person, the physiologically-essential nutrient, DHA, is consumed at much smaller levels, while EPA is consumed in yet smaller amounts on a daily basis.

So what makes fish oil so good?
Omega 3 fish oil contains two active ingredients: EPA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid) and DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid). Most fish oils on the market contain both these ingredients in various quantities; the argument that has arisen concerns which of these essential nutrients you need, and which is better than the other.

The simple answer to this is that both are vital nutrients, but they are each important at different stages of life and it is becoming clear in the scientific community that they both have different functions.

DHA and EPA are absent from plant food sources rich in ALA (such as flax, canola oil, and walnuts). Since the metabolic conversion of ALA to DHA/EPA (combined) by metabolism is very limited in humans, the most direct way of providing DHA plus EPA for the body is via their direct consumption.

It is widely accepted that Omega 3 fish oil can not only help your heart and joints, but is also good for your brain. Most people are aware of these benefits, but are often unsure about whether the benefits of Omega 3 fish oil apply for all types of Omega 3 fish oils such as those found in capsule form.

So what's the difference between DHA and EPA?
DHA is now thought to constitute the 'building blocks' of the brain, forming about 8% of the brain by weight - this is why it is important for pregnant mothers to ensure an adequate supply throughout pregnancy. DHA is also added to some infant milk formulas by some leading manufacturers, as an infant requires a lot of DHA in the first two years of life to support the growth of the brain.

EPA however is different; this essential nutrient is now considered by some leading doctors and professors in the UK as being the single most vital nutrient in the functioning of the brain and nerve stimulation.

The simple truth is that you need both these essential nutrients. The evidence is increasingly pointing towards the two being important for various stages of life.